Well, that’s strange.
I’ve tried with a second MPK 261 (I have a spare one) and got the same results : i won’t work either with the USB-C to USB-B cable or with a USB-B to USB-A cable + an adapter.
Then I tried plugging another keyboard (Roland A-49) with my brand new USB-B to USB-C cable. It works.
So there is something in the way the Akai MPK 261 is built that makes it incompatible with USB-C.