I know my theory fairy well and studied jazz harmony so I can give you a few tips. The easiest one ever is - sample a minor and major chord when you sample chords.
that will basically take care of you for about anything basic. It’s rare you will used a diminished chord, but if you have the time to sample that - do it.
Another trick if you only want one chord - sample a dominant 7th chord. You can use them all over the place like a madman. Rules go out with the window with dominant 7ths, and whenever I see one coming up on a chart, I know it’s party time.
That said, we are making electronic music here and for standard sounds, you should just build a minor and major variation of each chord that you want to sample.
the other tip I would tell anyone is to study the major scale. Not just the notes in it, but every chord and it’s extensions. You may be pleasantly surprised when you do because suddenly you will hear a min7 chord and realize you can layer notes over it that you never would have thought of before. the #4 comes into play once you really know the major scale, and substituting that note over a natural 4 can give you some fantastic melodic ideas.
Just some stuff to consider while you go on the journey.