what hardware translation layer? … there is none!
the translation to run x86 code is Rosetta2, and is entirely software.
… and no, thats never going to get ported to iOS.
yes and no…
so intel apps currently will run on an M1 on macOS, as they are ‘converted’ via Rosetta 2 (the users does not seem this)
however, apps can also now be compiled natively to arm aka apple silicon/m1
these can currently be shipped as universal binaries, meaning they can contain code for both intel macs and apple silicon macs.
to understand the future, you have to understand how Apple views these things.
Apple is ‘migrating’ users and its eco system to Apple Silicon.
so this is a transition phase… that will end !
so for now…
developers are expected to be porting their applications so they will run natively on both m1/intel as universal binaries.
but users can run legacy (intel) applications under Rosetta 2.
this will be the case for a while.
at some point in the future (perhaps 5 years, after the full apple line up as been moved)
Apple will first withdraw support for Rosetta 2, as all apps should then be universal binaries.
then slightly further down the line,
Apple will withdraw support for intel entirely, this means its tools (xcode) wont compile intel anymore, and universal binary containing intel will cease to exsit.
how do we know all this?
simply Apple has been through this cycle twice before. first powerpc to intel, then with Intel from 32 bit to 64bit.
unlike Microsoft, Apple drops ‘out-dated’ technology after a transition phase.
this is why you’ll hear at every apple dev conference, numbers about transition e.g. how many users have migrated to apple silicon, how many native apps there are on the app store.
we never quite know the timing… I think apple watch to see where their user base is, and also how much ‘pain’ it is to continue to support the old tech.
as I say a well trodden path, and Apple users are familar with it, and many are pretty quick to make the transition.
note: of course plans and technology change, and past doesnt always predict future - so this is just the most likely events… timescales, details might vary.