The Moog Matriarch may come the closest to what you’re looking for in terms of synthesizers being manufactured right now. It isn’t truly polyphonic, however, – they describe it as paraphonic, which I believe means that each of the four oscillators share the same filter, LFO, etc.
You may be hard-pressed to find a modern analog, polyphonic synthesizer that does not have presets/digital control. How those presets and control schemes are implemented, however, varies a lot. I have a Dave Smith mopho 4X, for example, where you get an indication on the screen of what the preset value of a particular control/knob position is, making it relatively easy to figure out where things are as you move from preset to preset. You’re also under no obligation to use the presets – most preset synthesizers these days have a “panel” function that allows you to hear the results of whatever the current knob positions are, regardless of what preset you might have loaded.
I used to have an OB6, which sounded glorious, but I couldn’t get around the interface – going from one preset to another, you have no idea what the knob positions are until you start moving things and stuff jumps around all over the place. Not for me. Kind of wish I still had it, though.
I’d love to get my hands on a Melbourne instruments, Nina, which seems to have solved a lot of the interface issues by having motorized rotary controls that move as you change presets. It’s also 12 voices. But those features com at a cost: I think it’s $3500. Someday, maybe.
Keep us posted on what you decide to do!