Don’t worry, using the CVs is easy.
You can sequence notes. The Erebus uses the normal 1 volt per octave standard. So set one of the four VC outputs to V/Oct. You probably also need to set what voltage C0 and C3 is. If I remember correctly I have C0 as 0V and C3 as 3V for my modular. If this setting is wrong, it will be out of tune. What track should be used for notes on the pitch CV output can also be set. Since the Erebus is paraphonic you could, say, use notes on the CV track for OSC1 and notes on the FX track for OSC2 for instance.
You can use envelopes, LFOs and p-locks. Configure a CV output to be “value lin” (the range of 0-5 volts is usually just fine) and p-lock/modulate that just as you would any other parameter on the A4.
I can’t comment on cables. I own a modular and use a module called Greyscale Synapse, which is great, but of no use for you. If there is something similar as a breakout box it might be worth considering. The LEDs are very useful to get a visual indication of what is being transmitted, and also, it makes it easy to keep track of which cable goes where.
The Pitch CV is the only that might take a while to get right. Pitch HZ/V is another standard for pitch than V/Oct and can be ignored for the Erebus. Grounded means not in use, Trig is a short pulse at the start of a note and Gate similar, but is held for the duration of the note.
I seriously doubt you can do anything to fry the Erebus. Keep within a 10V range and I can’t imagine what you could do wrong.
EDIT: I forgot to mention Clock, so for completeness sake it is just a periodic pulse so you can tempo sync, say, the LFO or delay time.