Having scoured both the A4 manual and related topics here on the forum, I wasn’t able to find an explanation regarding precisely what the accent function actually does on the A4. So I did some experiments and, for those who may be interested, I determined that, to my ears, it does the following:
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Boosts post-filter 1 overdrive by the accent level divided by 16, i.e. with accent level at 64, accented trigs will gain +4 on the overdrive setting.
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Boosts the filter 1 cutoff by just under half of the accent level, i.e. with accent level at 64, accented trigs will gain about +28 on the filter 1 cutoff setting.
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Lengthens the filter envelope decay by the accent level divided by 4, i.e. with accent level at 64, accented trigs will gain +16 on the filter envelope decay setting.
If I’ve missed anything or anyone knows more, I would appreciate the input!