Learning to play piano and gaining proficiency on the keyboard aren’t necessarily the same thing. I think a 49 key controller would be minimally sufficient for the latter. It allows you to sketch a bassline/chord progression and develop a modicum of ambidexterity on the instrument. Also, if you consider the range of an electric guitar from the open low-e string to the 24th fret on the high-e string is 4 octaves, that’s the same as a 49-key keyboard. That said, if you want to learn the piano, you’re gonna need a piano, or at least something with 88 keys.
Edit: Corrected description of guitar’s range
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